It is a description of the context in which we are writing, and thus also the context that frames this investigation, namely that of postmodernity. Through the thought of postmodernity this chapter will give a characterisation of the world as we see it today and the individuals that inhabit it. It will explain how we as individuals see ourselves and understand the world, and how we make sense of our lives. It is a characterisation that is necessary to make, as the thoughts of postmodernity not only permeate the background for the street art movement but just as much communication theory of today. It is thus both the precondition for our investigation as well as it is the frame in which we have to envision our results. This investigation will ultimately lead to a definition of the street art media and the motives behind it. Moreover, we will look at the city as an active part of the street art expression, explaining its significance to the media.
Oxford University Press War Before Civilization A1005904231
The myth of the peace-loving "noble savage" is persistent and pernicious. Indeed, for the last fifty years, most popular and scholarly works have agreed that prehistoric warfare was rare, harmless, unimportant, and, like smallpox, a disease of civilized societies alone. Prehistoric warfare, according to this view, was little more than a ritualized game, where casualties were limited and the effects of aggression relatively mild. Lawrence Keeley's groundbreaking War Before Civilization offers a devastating rebuttal to such comfortable myths and debunks the notion that warfare was introduced to primitive societies through contact with civilization (an idea he denounces as "the pacification of the past"). Building on much fascinating archeological and historical research and offering an astute comparison of warfare in civilized and prehistoric societies, from modern European states to the Plains Indians of North America, War Before Civilization convincingly demonstrates that prehistoric warfare was in fact more deadly, more frequent, and more ruthless than modern war. To support this point, Keeley provides a wide-ranging look at warfare and brutality in the prehistoric world. He reveals, for instance, that prehistorical tactics favoring raids and ambushes, as opposed to formal battles, often yielded a high death-rate; that adult males falling into the hands of their enemies were almost universally killed; and that surprise raids seldom spared even women and children. Keeley cites evidence of ancient massacres in many areas of the world, including the discovery in South Dakota of a prehistoric mass grave containing the remains of over 500 scalped and mutilated men, women, and children (a slaughter that took place a century and a half before the arrival of Columbus). In addition, Keeley surveys the prevalence of looting, destruction, and trophy-taking in all kinds of warfare and again finds little moral distinction between ancient warriors and civilized armies. Finally, and perhaps most controversially, he examines the evidence of cannibalism among some preliterate peoples. Keeley is a seasoned writer and his book is packed with vivid, eye-opening details (for instance, that the homicide rate of prehistoric Illinois villagers may have exceeded that of the modern United States by some 70 times). But he also goes beyond grisly facts to address the larger moral and philosophical issues raised by his work. What are the causes of war? Are human beings inherently violent? How can we ensure peace in our own time? Challenging some of our most dearly held beliefs, Keeley's conclusions are bound to stir controversy.
Penguin Books A History of Civilizations A1003138613
An illuminating account of contemporary civilizations from one of France's greatest post-war historians Written from a consciously anti-ethnocentric approach, this fascinating work is a survey of the civilizations of the modern world in terms of the broad sweep and continuities of history, rather than the "event-based" technique of most other texts. A History of Civilizations examines the Muslim world, Africa, the Far East, Western Europe (from the fall of the Roman Empire to political union), Eastern Europe, the European civilizations of the New World, and "the English-speaking universe."
The Case for a Lost Civilization: Is There Evidence for an Advanced Civilization Predating the Accepted Timeline? (Hidden History Revisited, Band 1) B0GX9W9VJ5
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THE AKKADIAN EMPIRE: Sargon of Akkad and the Rise of Mesopotamia’s First Superpower in the Dawn of Civilization (Ancient Civilization and Empires) B0FYDPN7KW
THE AKKADIAN EMPIRE: Sargon of Akkad and the Rise of Mesopotamia’s First Superpower in the Dawn of Civilization (Ancient Civilization and Empires)
The Book of Civilizations: Ancient Civilizations, Lost Empires, Historic Cultures, Great Societies, World History, Human Progress, and the Rise of Humanity (The Encyclopedia of Wonders) B0H3NZDB6B
The Book of Civilizations: Ancient Civilizations, Lost Empires, Historic Cultures, Great Societies, World History, Human Progress, and the Rise of Humanity (The Encyclopedia of Wonders)
History of Peru: A Captivating Guide to Peruvian History, Starting from the Chavín Civilization and Other Ancient Andean Civilizations through the Inca Empire to the Present 1637168942
History of Peru: A Captivating Guide to Peruvian History, Starting from the Chavín Civilization and Other Ancient Andean Civilizations through the Inca Empire to the Present
Aztec & Mayan Civilization Adult Coloring Book: Intricate Designs Inspired by Ancient Aztec and Mayan Art, Symbols, Deities, and Architecture for ... Civilizations Coloring Book for Adults) B0G7XM9Z6W
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Fund Management : The Complete Civilization of Wealth , Capital and Financial Systems : PART - 1: From Personal Savings to AI-Driven Global Capital Economies : Understanding the Financial Civilization B0H447BKB6
Fund Management : The Complete Civilization of Wealth , Capital and Financial Systems : PART - 1: From Personal Savings to AI-Driven Global Capital Economies : Understanding the Financial Civilization