Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Theorie und Ideengeschichte, Note: 1,7, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Seminar für Politikwissenschaft), Veranstaltung: Einführung in die Theorien der internationalen Beziehungen , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Auf den ersten Blick mag es paradox anmuten, nach der Notwendigkeit eines US-Imperialismus zur Stabilisierung der Weltordnung zu fragen. Galt doch als sicher, dass Imperien der Vergangenheit angehörten. Das römische wie auch das britische Weltreich muten eher als historische Reliquien an, als dass sie als Vorbildmodelle für eine moderne Weltordnung herhalten könnten. Zudem endete mit dem Ersten Weltkrieg die Zeit rivalisierender Imperien auf katastrophale Art und Weise. Absurder erscheint der Gedanke vielleicht noch, wenn man bedenkt, dass die Unabhängigkeitserklärung der USA quasi einen, gegen das Mutterland Großbritannien gerichteten, antiimperialen Akt darstellte. Warum sollten gerade die USA gewillt sein, eine Politik unter der Flagge des Imperialismus zu fahren? Sicher veranstalteten auch die USA gegen Ende des 19. und zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts ihre imperialistischen Geplänkel, jedoch wurden diese nach kürzerer oder längerer Dauer zumeist erfolglos eingestellt. Und kann man die unzweifelhaft vorhandene Dominanz der USA im 21. Jahrhundert überhaupt mit den klassischen Formen des Imperialismus vergleichen oder empfiehlt es sich in diesem Zusammenhang nicht vielmehr von einem neuen Imperialismus zu sprechen? Die von mir aufgeworfene These ist nicht völlig neu. Vor allem um die Jahrtausendwende herum bis in die Zeit des Irakkriegs 2003 wurde sie heiß diskutiert. Dabei waren es in erster Linie die Strategen der neokonservativen Denkfabrik ¿Project for a New American Century¿, die einen neuen US-Imperialismus offen forderten. Deren Strategiepapier habe ich ebenso für meine Arbeit verwendet wie einen Beitrag von Michael Ignatieff im New York Times Magazin aus dem Jahr 2003, der zwar auch ein amerikanisches Imperium befürwortet, jedoch ein abgeschwächtes. Aus deutscher Sicht ist in dieser Debatte insbesondere Herfried Münkler zu nennen. Auch er macht in seinen Ausführungen die stabilisierende Wirkung von Imperien deutlich. Zentral für meine Ausführungen wird allerdings der Sammelband von Ulrich Speck und Natan Sznaider sein, in dem sich Autoren verschiedener politischer Couleur vor dem Hintergrund der Entwicklungen nach dem 11. September 2001 und dem Irakkrieg 2003 mit Fragen zur Position der USA im internationalen System beschäftigen. Dabei kreisen ihre Ausführungen um die Art und Beschaffenheit des US-Empires und seine globalen Auswirkungen.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich BWL - Rechnungswesen, Bilanzierung, Steuern, Note: keine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (Professur für Internationales Management, Rechnungslegung und Wirtschaftsprüfung), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ergebnis je Aktie (Earnings per Share, EPS) stellt eine bedeutende Rentabilitätskennzahl zur Bewertung der Ertragslage von Unternehmen und deren Vergleich dar. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass Kapitalanleger i.d.R. an kurz gefassten Daten zur Bewertung der Unternehmensleistung interessiert sind, hat sich die Kennzahl (...) als praxisrelevante und beliebte Größe etabliert. (...) Da sich die Berechnung des Ergebnisses je Aktie in seiner einfachsten Form aus dem Quotienten von Periodengewinn und gewichteter Anzahl der sich in Umlauf befindlichen Aktien ergibt, erscheint die Ermittlung auf den ersten Blick keine Probleme aufzuwerfen. Bei näherer Betrachtung des Sachverhalts stellt sich jedoch schnell heraus, dass es zu etlichen Problemen im Detail kommen kann. So ist die Aussagekraft entscheidend davon geprägt, ob die Unternehmen die Ermittlung des EPS auf konsistente Art und Weise durchführen. Hieraus ergeben sich zwei voneinander abhängige Problemfelder: Die jeweils korrekte Bestimmung des Zählers (Periodenergebnis), sowie des Nenners (Anzahl Aktien). Obwohl als Periodenergebnis grundsätzlich eine Größe nach Steuern herangezogen wird, existiert aufgrund bilanzpolitischer Maßnahmen doch ein gewisser Gestaltungsspielraum. Weiterhin birgt auch die Bestimmung der sich in Umlauf befindlichen Aktien Probleme. (...) Um das Ziel der Vergleichbarkeit von verschiedenen Unternehmungen im gleichen Zeitraum und identischen Unternehmen im Zeitverlauf zu erreichen, bedarf es somit einheitlicher Regelungen. Dieser Regelungsbedarf wurde vom IASB erkannt und so wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit dem FASB eine einheitliche Regelung in Form des IAS 33 - Earnings per Share erarbeitet und 1997 beschlossen. (...) Im Zuge des Improvement Projects von Seiten des IASB wurde der Standard im Jahr 2003 in veränderter Form publiziert. (...) Diese Veränderungen betreffen nicht das Grundkonzept von IAS 33, sondern befassen sich hauptsächlich mit einer Reihe von komplexeren Problemen der EPS-Ermittlung (...) Schließlich wurde im Jahr 2008 ein Standardentwurf zur Änderung von IAS 33 mit dem Titel ¿Simplifying Earnings per Share¿ veröffentlicht (...) Diese Arbeit soll zunächst einen Überblick über die gegenwärtigen Regelungen bzgl. Earnings per Share nach IAS 33 geben, die geplanten Neuregelungen durch das IASB im ED IAS 33 ¿Simplifying Earnings per Share¿ darstellen und diese durch den Vergleich mit den aktuell geltenden Regelungen einer kritischen Würdigung unterziehen.

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: Scandinavia and Anglophone Countries, language: English, abstract: Throughout the course of history Sweden and Great Britain often had periods of strong contact and exchange. A few examples are the Viking era or the Hanseatic League. After few contact in the Tudor Age, both countries cooperated heavily during the Industrialization period, beginning in England around 1750. This paper will examine the development of Great Britain and Sweden and their industrial cooperation in the 18th and 19th century. During these years both countries underwent major changes in economy, generally known as the industrial revolution. First it will be examined how the process of industrialization was triggered and which effects it had on society, living standards and the general import and export trades. At the same time, the economic exchange between the two countries will be illustrated. Since the means of transportation play a big role in industrial development, the third chapter will deal with two major construction works that were realized in both countries at roughly the same time. The Caledonian Canal in Scotland and the Göta Canal in Sweden were both planned to enhance the transportation network to enable faster transit of goods across the country (cf. Scottish Canals) (cf. Bjuggren/af Donner 19). Thomas Telford, a British engineer, was responsible for the construction of the Caledonian Canal (cf. Scottish Canals). Due to that fact, Count Baltzar von Platen, who was the leading constructor of the younger Göta Canal (cf. Göta Canal 2010), also involved him in the planning of his project (cf. Smiles 1867, 237).

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: Scandinavia and Anglophone Countries, language: English, abstract: Throughout the course of history Sweden and Great Britain often had periods of strong contact and exchange. A few examples are the Viking era or the Hanseatic League. After few contact in the Tudor Age, both countries cooperated heavily during the Industrialization period, beginning in England around 1750. This paper will examine the development of Great Britain and Sweden and their industrial cooperation in the 18th and 19th century. During these years both countries underwent major changes in economy, generally known as the industrial revolution. First it will be examined how the process of industrialization was triggered and which effects it had on society, living standards and the general import and export trades. At the same time, the economic exchange between the two countries will be illustrated. Since the means of transportation play a big role in industrial development, the third chapter will deal with two major construction works that were realized in both countries at roughly the same time. The Caledonian Canal in Scotland and the Göta Canal in Sweden were both planned to enhance the transportation network to enable faster transit of goods across the country (cf. Scottish Canals) (cf. Bjuggren/af Donner 19). Thomas Telford, a British engineer, was responsible for the construction of the Caledonian Canal (cf. Scottish Canals). Due to that fact, Count Baltzar von Platen, who was the leading constructor of the younger Göta Canal (cf. Göta Canal 2010), also involved him in the planning of his project (cf. Smiles 1867, 237).

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich BWL - Rechnungswesen, Bilanzierung, Steuern, Note: keine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (Professur für Internationales Management, Rechnungslegung und Wirtschaftsprüfung), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ergebnis je Aktie (Earnings per Share, EPS) stellt eine bedeutende Rentabilitätskennzahl zur Bewertung der Ertragslage von Unternehmen und deren Vergleich dar. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass Kapitalanleger i.d.R. an kurz gefassten Daten zur Bewertung der Unternehmensleistung interessiert sind, hat sich die Kennzahl (...) als praxisrelevante und beliebte Größe etabliert. (...) Da sich die Berechnung des Ergebnisses je Aktie in seiner einfachsten Form aus dem Quotienten von Periodengewinn und gewichteter Anzahl der sich in Umlauf befindlichen Aktien ergibt, erscheint die Ermittlung auf den ersten Blick keine Probleme aufzuwerfen. Bei näherer Betrachtung des Sachverhalts stellt sich jedoch schnell heraus, dass es zu etlichen Problemen im Detail kommen kann. So ist die Aussagekraft entscheidend davon geprägt, ob die Unternehmen die Ermittlung des EPS auf konsistente Art und Weise durchführen. Hieraus ergeben sich zwei voneinander abhängige Problemfelder: Die jeweils korrekte Bestimmung des Zählers (Periodenergebnis), sowie des Nenners (Anzahl Aktien). Obwohl als Periodenergebnis grundsätzlich eine Größe nach Steuern herangezogen wird, existiert aufgrund bilanzpolitischer Maßnahmen doch ein gewisser Gestaltungsspielraum. Weiterhin birgt auch die Bestimmung der sich in Umlauf befindlichen Aktien Probleme. (...) Um das Ziel der Vergleichbarkeit von verschiedenen Unternehmungen im gleichen Zeitraum und identischen Unternehmen im Zeitverlauf zu erreichen, bedarf es somit einheitlicher Regelungen. Dieser Regelungsbedarf wurde vom IASB erkannt und so wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit dem FASB eine einheitliche Regelung in Form des IAS 33 - Earnings per Share erarbeitet und 1997 beschlossen. (...) Im Zuge des Improvement Projects von Seiten des IASB wurde der Standard im Jahr 2003 in veränderter Form publiziert. (...) Diese Veränderungen betreffen nicht das Grundkonzept von IAS 33, sondern befassen sich hauptsächlich mit einer Reihe von komplexeren Problemen der EPS-Ermittlung (...) Schließlich wurde im Jahr 2008 ein Standardentwurf zur Änderung von IAS 33 mit dem Titel ¿Simplifying Earnings per Share¿ veröffentlicht (...) Diese Arbeit soll zunächst einen Überblick über die gegenwärtigen Regelungen bzgl. Earnings per Share nach IAS 33 geben, die geplanten Neuregelungen durch das IASB im ED IAS 33 ¿Simplifying Earnings per Share¿ darstellen und diese durch den Vergleich mit den aktuell geltenden Regelungen einer kritischen Würdigung unterziehen.

Als 1926 der Film „Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed“ von Lotte Reiniger seine Premiere in Berlin und Paris feierte, war der erste abendfüllende Trickfilm der Filmgeschichte geschaffen, der bis heute nichts von seiner Faszination eingebüßt hat. Die 1899 in Berlin geborene Künstlerin verband damit ein bislang nicht erreichtes handwerkliches Können im Scherenschnitt, das eine bemerkenswerte Präzision auszeichnete, mit ihrem Interesse an den frühen Filmexperimenten. Der vorliegende Band präsentiert Filmstills aus vier frühen Filmen: neben dem „Prinzen Ahmed“ aus „Ornament des verliebten Herzens“ (1919), „Aschenputtel“ (1922) und „Doktor Dolittle und seine Tiere“ (1927/28). Er zeichnet damit gleichzeitig die Entwicklung vom formal noch stark an den Jugendstil gebundenen, ornamental ausstaffierten Kurzfilm zu spielerischen, märchenhaften Erzählungen mit humorvollen, aber auch hochdramatischen Szenen nach. Wie groß ihr Witz und Ideenreichtum war, lassen die Stills gut erkennen. Ein Kooperationsprojekt des Stadtmuseums Tübingen, das den Nachlass Lotte Reinigers verwahrt, mit dem Filmmuseum Düsseldorf und dem Ernst Wasmuth Verlag. Ebenfalls Lieferbar: Lotte Reiniger. „Mit zaubernden Händen geboren“. Drei Scherenschnittfolgen; ISBN 978 3 8030 3352 9 (2010) When the film “The Adventure of Prince Achmed“ by Lotte Reiniger celebrated its opening in Berlin und Paris in 1926, it became the first feature length animated film in cinema history. It has lost none of its fascination since then. Born in Berlin in 1899, the artist combined strikingly precise craftsmanship that was second to none in the cutting of silhouettes, with her interest in early film experiments. This volume presents film stills from four films: in addition to “Prince Ahmed” “The Ornament of a Heart in Love” (1919), “Cinderella” (1922) and “Doctor Dolittle and His Animals” (1927/28). The stills show the development from short films which are still formally bound to the ornate ornamentation of Jugendstil, to playful, fairy-tale like stories with humorous, but also highly dramatic scenes. The stills provide convincing evidence for the scope of wit and wealth of ideas in the films. A cooperation project of the Tübingen City Museum which administers the Lotte Reiniger estate, the Filmmuseum Düsseldorf and the Ernst Wasmuth Verlag.

Als 1926 der Film „Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed“ von Lotte Reiniger seine Premiere in Berlin und Paris feierte, war der erste abendfüllende Trickfilm der Filmgeschichte geschaffen, der bis heute nichts von seiner Faszination eingebüßt hat. Die 1899 in Berlin geborene Künstlerin verband damit ein bislang nicht erreichtes handwerkliches Können im Scherenschnitt, das eine bemerkenswerte Präzision auszeichnete, mit ihrem Interesse an den frühen Filmexperimenten. Der vorliegende Band präsentiert Filmstills aus vier frühen Filmen: neben dem „Prinzen Ahmed“ aus „Ornament des verliebten Herzens“ (1919), „Aschenputtel“ (1922) und „Doktor Dolittle und seine Tiere“ (1927/28). Er zeichnet damit gleichzeitig die Entwicklung vom formal noch stark an den Jugendstil gebundenen, ornamental ausstaffierten Kurzfilm zu spielerischen, märchenhaften Erzählungen mit humorvollen, aber auch hochdramatischen Szenen nach. Wie groß ihr Witz und Ideenreichtum war, lassen die Stills gut erkennen. Ein Kooperationsprojekt des Stadtmuseums Tübingen, das den Nachlass Lotte Reinigers verwahrt, mit dem Filmmuseum Düsseldorf und dem Ernst Wasmuth Verlag. Ebenfalls Lieferbar: Lotte Reiniger. „Mit zaubernden Händen geboren“. Drei Scherenschnittfolgen; ISBN 978 3 8030 3352 9 (2010) When the film “The Adventure of Prince Achmed“ by Lotte Reiniger celebrated its opening in Berlin und Paris in 1926, it became the first feature length animated film in cinema history. It has lost none of its fascination since then. Born in Berlin in 1899, the artist combined strikingly precise craftsmanship that was second to none in the cutting of silhouettes, with her interest in early film experiments. This volume presents film stills from four films: in addition to “Prince Ahmed” “The Ornament of a Heart in Love” (1919), “Cinderella” (1922) and “Doctor Dolittle and His Animals” (1927/28). The stills show the development from short films which are still formally bound to the ornate ornamentation of Jugendstil, to playful, fairy-tale like stories with humorous, but also highly dramatic scenes. The stills provide convincing evidence for the scope of wit and wealth of ideas in the films. A cooperation project of the Tübingen City Museum which administers the Lotte Reiniger estate, the Filmmuseum Düsseldorf and the Ernst Wasmuth Verlag.

How Evil Is Architecture? In Tumbling Ruins, the artist Henrike Naumann, the art historian Angela Schönberger, and the architect and design theorist Andreas Brandolini develop a project that draws discursive connections between Naumann’s work ‘Ruinenwert’ (2019), Schönberger’s research on Albert Speer, and Brandolini’s postmodernist design theory. In the early 1990s, the artist Henrike Naumann (b. Zwickau, 1984, lives and works in Berlin) watched the far-right ideology as the predominant youth culture in her hometown. Her work reflects on the history of right-wing terrorism in Germany and the widespread acceptance of racist ideas in large segments of the population today. She scrutinizes the mechanisms of radicalization and how they tie in with personal experiences and youth culture. Studying the friction between antagonistic political convictions sparked by the ambivalence of personal aesthetic tastes, Naumann builds immersive installations that combine video and sound with scenographic settings. Angela Schönberger (b. Kaufbeuren, 1945) wrote her dissertation in the 1970s on the new Reich Chancellery building as a central scene of the Nazis’ crimes and on Albert Speer’s theory of ruin value, interviewing the architect for her research. After the fall of the Wall, the former managing director of the Internationales Design Zentrum Berlin turned her attention to the structural transformation of the former East Germany and the emergence of new products and designs. Schönberger was director of the Berlin State Museums’ Kunstgewerbemuseum, or Museum of Decorative Arts, until 2010. Andreas Brandolini (b. Taucha, 1951; lives and works in Saarbrücken and Petit-Réderching, France) was a cofounder of the avant-gardist New German Design of the 1980s. In 1987, his seminal German Living Room was featured at documenta 8; Jasper Morrison and Axel Kufus were his partners in the studio Utilism International. As a writer and lecturer, Brandolini calls for furniture that elicits or allows for “stories” and adamantly rejects the dictates of functionalism. About the series KONTEXT, a series produced by DISTANZ Verlag, brings together artists and writers for an exchange between the worlds of writing and contemporary art on the issues that concern us today.

How Evil Is Architecture? In Tumbling Ruins, the artist Henrike Naumann, the art historian Angela Schönberger, and the architect and design theorist Andreas Brandolini develop a project that draws discursive connections between Naumann’s work ‘Ruinenwert’ (2019), Schönberger’s research on Albert Speer, and Brandolini’s postmodernist design theory. In the early 1990s, the artist Henrike Naumann (b. Zwickau, 1984, lives and works in Berlin) watched the far-right ideology as the predominant youth culture in her hometown. Her work reflects on the history of right-wing terrorism in Germany and the widespread acceptance of racist ideas in large segments of the population today. She scrutinizes the mechanisms of radicalization and how they tie in with personal experiences and youth culture. Studying the friction between antagonistic political convictions sparked by the ambivalence of personal aesthetic tastes, Naumann builds immersive installations that combine video and sound with scenographic settings. Angela Schönberger (b. Kaufbeuren, 1945) wrote her dissertation in the 1970s on the new Reich Chancellery building as a central scene of the Nazis’ crimes and on Albert Speer’s theory of ruin value, interviewing the architect for her research. After the fall of the Wall, the former managing director of the Internationales Design Zentrum Berlin turned her attention to the structural transformation of the former East Germany and the emergence of new products and designs. Schönberger was director of the Berlin State Museums’ Kunstgewerbemuseum, or Museum of Decorative Arts, until 2010. Andreas Brandolini (b. Taucha, 1951; lives and works in Saarbrücken and Petit-Réderching, France) was a cofounder of the avant-gardist New German Design of the 1980s. In 1987, his seminal German Living Room was featured at documenta 8; Jasper Morrison and Axel Kufus were his partners in the studio Utilism International. As a writer and lecturer, Brandolini calls for furniture that elicits or allows for “stories” and adamantly rejects the dictates of functionalism. About the series KONTEXT, a series produced by DISTANZ Verlag, brings together artists and writers for an exchange between the worlds of writing and contemporary art on the issues that concern us today.

Essay aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensführung, Management, Organisation, Note: 1.7, University of Newcastle, Veranstaltung: Managing the Organisation, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Since there are organisations, the respective management has to decide how to divide its work, how to coordinate all work-related activities and how to control these activities to ensure that goals are achieved. Ever since these issues, people discussed the question whether there is an ideal structure for all organisations!? This essay will show various influences on such a choice and that it is not possible to define an ideal organisation structure. However, to answer this question, it is necessarily to define the words organisation structure, organisation design, and to consider the various factors that impact upon it. Therefore, an organisational structure is the formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated (Robbins, 2004). These formal arrangements are closely related to an organisational design. By developing or changing an organisation¿s structure, managers are engaged in organisational design. This process involves decisions about six key elements: work specialisation, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralisation and decentralisation, and formalisation (Daft, 2004). Both organisational structure and organisational design are influenced by many factors, which led to a multitude of different structures. One of them is the bureaucratic model of organisations. Although its roots go back several centuries, it is most often associated with the work of Max Weber, a German sociologist. He was one of the few people who tried to describe an ideal approach to structuring organisations based on a rational set of guidelines and procedures (Weber, 1983). Furthermore, Weber drew attention to ¿the way in which more personal styles of administration, centered on the king were supplanted by rational/legal organisational structures¿ (Colebatch, 1993). Thus, the bureaucracy was meant to organise the work of many individuals and centralise orders without having direct contact to each person. Another common organisation is the matrix. It is created by overlaying product-based departmentalisation onto a functional structure. This type of organisation is used in the aerospace industry, where projects are technically complex. Hundreds of subcontractors, located throughout the whole world, are involved and therefore, organised by this matrix structure.

Music therapy as an artistic-scientific discipline moves within a wide variety of theoretical systems. Since its beginnings, traditions have been developed in the German-speaking world over the decades with an enormous amount of professional theoretical and practical experience and empirical scientific knowledge. In many cases, these roots lie in humanistic concepts and psychotherapeutic approaches. Currently, more than ever, influences and concepts from the Anglo-American world are gaining in importance. Nevertheless, the schools that have emerged in connection with psychotherapeutic concepts continue to appear as the more central approaches in the German-speaking world. This book points to the breadth of this knowledge, summarises central content-related and methodological core statements and can thus also contribute significantly to further basic research and teaching. Music therapy, like any scientifically based method, is in a constant state of transition and development. Theories are expanded and adapted to new findings, new theories have to prove their effectiveness. Empirical evidence and studies show that music therapy has also established itself within the framework of scientific discourse. The "Graz Music Therapy" (GRAMUTH) has also undergone an enormous development since its foundation in 2010 and was developed from an inter-university course to a regular Bachelor's and Master's programme in 2022. Since the beginning, with the exception of the first Corona year, the "Grazer Musiktherapietag" (Graz Music Therapy Day) has been held annually and is now an internationally recognised specialist conference. For its 10th anniversary, which was postponed by one year, the content and scope of the conference was expanded and the theme was the "The Art of the Old and the Power of the New in Music Therapy" with the call to "Let’s go!", which also motivated people to continue in the wake of the Corona epidemic. Four lines of tradition in music therapy - depth-psychological and psychoanalytic, integrative, anthroposophical, and morphological - were presented by renowned representatives whose lectures and workshops covered developments and current state of knowledge. In addition, new developments such as functional music therapy with methods of "neurological music therapy" by young graduates of Austrian training programmes as well as a current research project on "receptive music therapy with depressive patients" and other contributions were presented. These well-founded contributions of music therapy, the description of their artistry, their background knowledge, the current state of knowledge of the respective schools and their methodology are summarised again in this book.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Tourism - Miscellaneous, grade: 1, University of applied sciences, language: English, abstract: There have been numerous incidents in one or more countries in the past that led to sudden and unexpected reductions in demand for tourism services and confronted travel businesses with an economic environment of high uncertainty. However, the current financial and economic crisis appears to be of a larger dimension than most other crises before, and numerous experts around the globe agree that the present economic slowdown has the potential to become one of the most challenging and transformational disturbances on a supranational level since the Great Depression. Predictions of future developments are vague and can only be educated speculation at best, yet for the tourism industry the initial effects of this first major crisis of the globalization era are already clearly perceptible. Drawing on an extensive review of already existing literature, this paper explains the various milestones during the period that led to the 2007-2009 global financial and economic disorder, and subsequently considers a choice of selected key implications for the tourism industry and associated businesses. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide an academically substantiated reference guide for market participants and policy-makers alike, with the ultimate purpose of making a contribution to reduce the number of cases where wrong decisions lead to major difficulties or even the failure of a destination or an individual business. Results of the research indicate that the identified impacts are likely to intensify throughout 2009 and 2010, and that the crisis will most likely also entail fundamental changes for the industry on a long-term basis. In particular, it was found that in the medium term decreased public funding for tourism projects and restricted access to capital are likely to force many travel businesses into serious liquidity problems. This may cause a series of reactions, including widespread workforce reductions and severe cuts in the quality of the provided services. Besides, the crisis is likely to have considerable effects on the way leisure and corporate travel is conducted, as for instance shorter and less frequent trips or a stronger tendency towards cost containment. However, the paper also points out that every crisis embodies a great number of opportunities and provides an analysis of a range of selected chances for destinations and tourism businesses.

Music therapy as an artistic-scientific discipline moves within a wide variety of theoretical systems. Since its beginnings, traditions have been developed in the German-speaking world over the decades with an enormous amount of professional theoretical and practical experience and empirical scientific knowledge. In many cases, these roots lie in humanistic concepts and psychotherapeutic approaches. Currently, more than ever, influences and concepts from the Anglo-American world are gaining in importance. Nevertheless, the schools that have emerged in connection with psychotherapeutic concepts continue to appear as the more central approaches in the German-speaking world. This book points to the breadth of this knowledge, summarises central content-related and methodological core statements and can thus also contribute significantly to further basic research and teaching. Music therapy, like any scientifically based method, is in a constant state of transition and development. Theories are expanded and adapted to new findings, new theories have to prove their effectiveness. Empirical evidence and studies show that music therapy has also established itself within the framework of scientific discourse. The "Graz Music Therapy" (GRAMUTH) has also undergone an enormous development since its foundation in 2010 and was developed from an inter-university course to a regular Bachelor's and Master's programme in 2022. Since the beginning, with the exception of the first Corona year, the "Grazer Musiktherapietag" (Graz Music Therapy Day) has been held annually and is now an internationally recognised specialist conference. For its 10th anniversary, which was postponed by one year, the content and scope of the conference was expanded and the theme was the "The Art of the Old and the Power of the New in Music Therapy" with the call to "Let’s go!", which also motivated people to continue in the wake of the Corona epidemic. Four lines of tradition in music therapy - depth-psychological and psychoanalytic, integrative, anthroposophical, and morphological - were presented by renowned representatives whose lectures and workshops covered developments and current state of knowledge. In addition, new developments such as functional music therapy with methods of "neurological music therapy" by young graduates of Austrian training programmes as well as a current research project on "receptive music therapy with depressive patients" and other contributions were presented. These well-founded contributions of music therapy, the description of their artistry, their background knowledge, the current state of knowledge of the respective schools and their methodology are summarised again in this book.

FOREWORD I have visited Vi¿t Nam (Vietnam) on more than a dozen occasions, mainly for business but I have also travelled through the country as a tourist. However, my knowledge and understanding of Vietnamese history, society and culture is limited so in no way am I in a position to speak authoritatively on the historical contents or any interpretation of events described in this book, The Legacy of the Vietnamese Boat People. It is written by my colleague and friend Lê Quang Vinh, who with his family are boat people. Much of what I know about Vi¿t Nam has been gleaned from my visits to the country and informed by the author of this book, particularly when I was travelling with him on many of my visits to the country. Clearly, I am not in a position to provide an informed critique of the contents of this publication so instead I shall focus my comments on certain characteristics, beliefs and behaviours of the author that have driven him to undertake the massive task of producing this book which covers over 4,000 years of Vietnamese history and culture. In this book he gives his own interpretation of the importance of many of the significant events that occurred in the history of Vi¿t Nam, with particular emphasis on the period since 1900. The book provides an even deeper focus on more recent events around the civil war in the country and the political, social, and cultural changes that occurred after the conclusion of hostilities in 1975. My initial contact with the author was early in the first decade of this century when he approached me as the then Principal of Tuart College about promoting the College's educational programs to the local Vietnamese community. He had identified that the adult ethos of the institution and its educational programs which were supported by a strong English as a Second Language program would be invaluable to assist local Vietnamese aiming to undertake tertiary education. Due to the author's knowledge of the local Vietnamese community, his enthusiasm and commitment to encouraging local Vietnamese to take up the educational opportunities offered by the College, and the promotional efforts he made, this project was successful both for local Vietnamese and the College. Buoyed by this success, he then turned his attention to promoting the College to students in Vi¿t Nam who were aspiring to undertake their tertiary education studies in Australia, particularly in Western Australia. It was on this educationally and commercially successful project that I worked most closely with him over about seven years before I retired in 2010. During this time that I went through a massive learning curve about the Vietnamese educational system, individual schools with whom I developed particular relationships, Vietnamese teachers and their students, the aspirations Vietnamese parents had for their children and the Vietnamese society and its culture. The author's contribution to developing my knowledge base about and the success of the venture in Vi¿t Nam was vital and invaluable. The author is a man whose life experiences and interests are many and varied, and during the time I have known him I have come to recognise his many admiral character traits. He has demonstrated that he is a keen and conscientious worker with a lovely sense of humour and with a thoughtful and compassionate nature that expresses itself in his willingness to help people improve their lives and develop their potential as fully as possible.

Essay aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensführung, Management, Organisation, Note: 1.7, University of Newcastle, Veranstaltung: Managing the Organisation, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Since there are organisations, the respective management has to decide how to divide its work, how to coordinate all work-related activities and how to control these activities to ensure that goals are achieved. Ever since these issues, people discussed the question whether there is an ideal structure for all organisations!? This essay will show various influences on such a choice and that it is not possible to define an ideal organisation structure. However, to answer this question, it is necessarily to define the words organisation structure, organisation design, and to consider the various factors that impact upon it. Therefore, an organisational structure is the formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated (Robbins, 2004). These formal arrangements are closely related to an organisational design. By developing or changing an organisation¿s structure, managers are engaged in organisational design. This process involves decisions about six key elements: work specialisation, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralisation and decentralisation, and formalisation (Daft, 2004). Both organisational structure and organisational design are influenced by many factors, which led to a multitude of different structures. One of them is the bureaucratic model of organisations. Although its roots go back several centuries, it is most often associated with the work of Max Weber, a German sociologist. He was one of the few people who tried to describe an ideal approach to structuring organisations based on a rational set of guidelines and procedures (Weber, 1983). Furthermore, Weber drew attention to ¿the way in which more personal styles of administration, centered on the king were supplanted by rational/legal organisational structures¿ (Colebatch, 1993). Thus, the bureaucracy was meant to organise the work of many individuals and centralise orders without having direct contact to each person. Another common organisation is the matrix. It is created by overlaying product-based departmentalisation onto a functional structure. This type of organisation is used in the aerospace industry, where projects are technically complex. Hundreds of subcontractors, located throughout the whole world, are involved and therefore, organised by this matrix structure.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Tourism - Miscellaneous, grade: 1, University of applied sciences, language: English, abstract: There have been numerous incidents in one or more countries in the past that led to sudden and unexpected reductions in demand for tourism services and confronted travel businesses with an economic environment of high uncertainty. However, the current financial and economic crisis appears to be of a larger dimension than most other crises before, and numerous experts around the globe agree that the present economic slowdown has the potential to become one of the most challenging and transformational disturbances on a supranational level since the Great Depression. Predictions of future developments are vague and can only be educated speculation at best, yet for the tourism industry the initial effects of this first major crisis of the globalization era are already clearly perceptible. Drawing on an extensive review of already existing literature, this paper explains the various milestones during the period that led to the 2007-2009 global financial and economic disorder, and subsequently considers a choice of selected key implications for the tourism industry and associated businesses. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide an academically substantiated reference guide for market participants and policy-makers alike, with the ultimate purpose of making a contribution to reduce the number of cases where wrong decisions lead to major difficulties or even the failure of a destination or an individual business. Results of the research indicate that the identified impacts are likely to intensify throughout 2009 and 2010, and that the crisis will most likely also entail fundamental changes for the industry on a long-term basis. In particular, it was found that in the medium term decreased public funding for tourism projects and restricted access to capital are likely to force many travel businesses into serious liquidity problems. This may cause a series of reactions, including widespread workforce reductions and severe cuts in the quality of the provided services. Besides, the crisis is likely to have considerable effects on the way leisure and corporate travel is conducted, as for instance shorter and less frequent trips or a stronger tendency towards cost containment. However, the paper also points out that every crisis embodies a great number of opportunities and provides an analysis of a range of selected chances for destinations and tourism businesses.

Painstakingly researched and written by football-obsessed writer and experienced game journalist, historian, and documentarian Richard Moss - author of Bitmap's own The Secret History of Mac Gaming - A Tale of Two Halves: The History Of Football Video Games stays keenly on the ball as it shares the rich and influential history of video game football - or 'soccer', for our American readers - striving to understand the very best the genre has to offer; and those releases that go a little wide of their target. A Tale of Two Halves takes you on a fascinating journey from the very first examples of the form all the way through to the genre's 2000s' heyday. It hits the back of the net with expert analysis of over 400 football games, including Sensible Soccer, Kick Off, Match Day, FIFA, Pro Evolution Soccer, This Is Football, Championship Manager, Premier Manager, and both old-school and new-school Football Manager. Gathered together in a single volume, that remarkable spread of releases presents a surprising variety of interpretations of the beautiful game, showcasing one of the medium's most creative, beguiling realms. A Tale of Two Halves primarily focuses on footy gaming's formative years - meaning from around 1980 to 2010 - and carefully divides the genre into two distinct halves, taking a considered look at each. As such, the first half is dominated by the fast and simple 2D action of icons like Kick Off, International Soccer, and Nintendo's Soccer. Then, following the half-time whistle, it turns its attention to the increasingly realistic 3D outings defined by icons like FIFA, Pro Evo, and Virtua Striker. Across its 628 pages, A Tale of Two Halves also features a foreword by legendary commentator Clive Tyldesley, hundreds of meticulously realised screenshots, and 13 interviews with pioneering football game developers. Inside you'll also find a series of illustrations from James Reynolds' 'Unlicensed FC' project - which celebrates Pro Evo's unusual takes on players' real names - as well as perfectly pitched pixel art from the team at 8-Bit Football. Numerous gaming platforms are covered, from the Atari 2600 and C64 to the Collecovison, via the Amiga line, PlayStation 1, Xbox 360, Arcades, and many more. Still not enough for your footballing appetite? Fear not. There's also a captivating spread of themed deep-dive features, nostalgic Easter eggs to uncover, and numerous quick-read mini-essays. And it's all contained within an eye-catching gold foil blocked cover, and features boot laces that function as bookmark ribbons.

Painstakingly researched and written by football-obsessed writer and experienced game journalist, historian, and documentarian Richard Moss - author of Bitmap's own The Secret History of Mac Gaming - A Tale of Two Halves: The History Of Football Video Games stays keenly on the ball as it shares the rich and influential history of video game football - or 'soccer', for our American readers - striving to understand the very best the genre has to offer; and those releases that go a little wide of their target. A Tale of Two Halves takes you on a fascinating journey from the very first examples of the form all the way through to the genre's 2000s' heyday. It hits the back of the net with expert analysis of over 400 football games, including Sensible Soccer, Kick Off, Match Day, FIFA, Pro Evolution Soccer, This Is Football, Championship Manager, Premier Manager, and both old-school and new-school Football Manager. Gathered together in a single volume, that remarkable spread of releases presents a surprising variety of interpretations of the beautiful game, showcasing one of the medium's most creative, beguiling realms. A Tale of Two Halves primarily focuses on footy gaming's formative years - meaning from around 1980 to 2010 - and carefully divides the genre into two distinct halves, taking a considered look at each. As such, the first half is dominated by the fast and simple 2D action of icons like Kick Off, International Soccer, and Nintendo's Soccer. Then, following the half-time whistle, it turns its attention to the increasingly realistic 3D outings defined by icons like FIFA, Pro Evo, and Virtua Striker. Across its 628 pages, A Tale of Two Halves also features a foreword by legendary commentator Clive Tyldesley, hundreds of meticulously realised screenshots, and 13 interviews with pioneering football game developers. Inside you'll also find a series of illustrations from James Reynolds' 'Unlicensed FC' project - which celebrates Pro Evo's unusual takes on players' real names - as well as perfectly pitched pixel art from the team at 8-Bit Football. Numerous gaming platforms are covered, from the Atari 2600 and C64 to the Collecovison, via the Amiga line, PlayStation 1, Xbox 360, Arcades, and many more. Still not enough for your footballing appetite? Fear not. There's also a captivating spread of themed deep-dive features, nostalgic Easter eggs to uncover, and numerous quick-read mini-essays. And it's all contained within an eye-catching gold foil blocked cover, and features boot laces that function as bookmark ribbons.

The Roman fort of Gheriat el-Garbia is located 280 km south of Tripoli in the pre-desert, above an oasis, on the central route into the Fezzan. Along with Bu Ngem and Ghadames, it is the largest of the new vexillation forts of the limes Tripolitanus that were advanced far to the south under emperor Septimius Severus. At the latest by autumn AD 201 its defences were finished by a detachment (vexillatio) of Legio III Augusta from Lambaesis (Algeria). The task of the garrison was to control and secure the transport routes as well as to monitor the (semi-)nomadic autochthonous tribes. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary project of the Archaeology of the Roman Provinces at the University of Munich, funded by the DFG Excellence Initiative, four campaigns were carried out in 2009 and 2010. The focus was laid on surveys and excavations within the fort, which was overbuilt by a Berber village, in the quarries and in one of the sanctuaries. In addition to scientific investigation methods (geodesy, geophysics, archaeometry, radiocarbon analyses), terrestrial 3D laser scanning was used. The first volume with the research history of the Tripolitanian frontier zone, the archaeological survey with architectural elements, inscriptions and much pottery was published in 2021. This second volume presents the investigation of the defences of the 2.25 ha fort used from 199/201 to 275/280, whose ancient place-name Myd(---) is recorded in an inscription. The new reconstruction of the Severan porta praetoria with the towers preserved up to 10 m high is of significance far beyond the region. In addition, there is documentation of the remaining three gates, two intermediate towers (up to 8 m high) and the northern corner tower as well as the excavation of the headquarters building. The fortifications of the Severan vexillation forts – from Castellum Dimmidi to Gholaia/Bu Ngem – are analyzed comparatively and the layout of Myd(---)/Gheriat el-Garbia with its interior buildings is reconstructed. An unexpected discovery was a late Antique reoccupation of the fort, which had not been used by Rome for about a century. A military unit of limitanei, the milites munifices, was garrisoned there from 380/390 until the middle of the 5th century. The fort can be identified with the castra Madensia mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum occ. XXXI 30. Coins and radiocarbon dates have been crucial for dating the repairs of the fortifications and the remodelled headquarters building. Investigations of closed deposits with small finds, pottery and ostraca as well as macrobotanical and archaeozoological remains provide important insights into the provisioning, diet and living habits of a late Antique garrison on the Tripolitanian limes.

The Roman fort of Gheriat el-Garbia is located 280 km south of Tripoli in the pre-desert, above an oasis, on the central route into the Fezzan. Along with Bu Ngem and Ghadames, it is the largest of the new vexillation forts of the limes Tripolitanus that were advanced far to the south under emperor Septimius Severus. At the latest by autumn AD 201 its defences were finished by a detachment (vexillatio) of Legio III Augusta from Lambaesis (Algeria). The task of the garrison was to control and secure the transport routes as well as to monitor the (semi-)nomadic autochthonous tribes. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary project of the Archaeology of the Roman Provinces at the University of Munich, funded by the DFG Excellence Initiative, four campaigns were carried out in 2009 and 2010. The focus was laid on surveys and excavations within the fort, which was overbuilt by a Berber village, in the quarries and in one of the sanctuaries. In addition to scientific investigation methods (geodesy, geophysics, archaeometry, radiocarbon analyses), terrestrial 3D laser scanning was used. The first volume with the research history of the Tripolitanian frontier zone, the archaeological survey with architectural elements, inscriptions and much pottery was published in 2021. This second volume presents the investigation of the defences of the 2.25 ha fort used from 199/201 to 275/280, whose ancient place-name Myd(---) is recorded in an inscription. The new reconstruction of the Severan porta praetoria with the towers preserved up to 10 m high is of significance far beyond the region. In addition, there is documentation of the remaining three gates, two intermediate towers (up to 8 m high) and the northern corner tower as well as the excavation of the headquarters building. The fortifications of the Severan vexillation forts – from Castellum Dimmidi to Gholaia/Bu Ngem – are analyzed comparatively and the layout of Myd(---)/Gheriat el-Garbia with its interior buildings is reconstructed. An unexpected discovery was a late Antique reoccupation of the fort, which had not been used by Rome for about a century. A military unit of limitanei, the milites munifices, was garrisoned there from 380/390 until the middle of the 5th century. The fort can be identified with the castra Madensia mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum occ. XXXI 30. Coins and radiocarbon dates have been crucial for dating the repairs of the fortifications and the remodelled headquarters building. Investigations of closed deposits with small finds, pottery and ostraca as well as macrobotanical and archaeozoological remains provide important insights into the provisioning, diet and living habits of a late Antique garrison on the Tripolitanian limes.