Development is the process of structural transformation: the transformation of poor countries into rich countries. It is a multi-dimensional process and spans many areas. Understanding and addressing developmental issues are far more complex due to the fact that poor countries are socially, geographically, and institutionally much more heterogeneous than developed countries. Given their complexity, scholars have addressed development issues using different approaches, different analytical methods, and different views of how societies function. This book grew out of the group projects done by students of Development and Economics in the University of Victoria. The students came from diverse backgrounds with one thing in common - the passion for development studies and empathy for the poor and the under-privileged. Their varied backgrounds and passions are amply reflected in the wide variety of substantive issues these students tried to address. It has been a pleasure teaching them and putting together a book based on their projects. The major strength of this book is that it provides a window to how young minds from very diverse backgrounds think about development issues

The paradox of being endowed with abundant energy and mineral resources and yet not able to meet the energy needs of the masses in developing countries like Nigeria remain an unresolved conundrum that has caught the attention of governments, academia, professionals, the public and international organizations. Balancing demand and supply of electricity for socio-economic and national development is yet to be achieved despite financial investments in the power sector by past and present governments in Nigeria. The book therefore serves as explanatory paradigm in unveiling the factors affecting the implementation of Nigerian Energy Policy and the consequential implications of this on energy poverty and sustainable development. Considering the issues covered in the book, Policy Makers, Non-Governmental Organizations, Energy Experts, Postgraduate and Undergraduate Students, Development Experts, Social Science Researchers, and the general public will find this book of great value. Happy reading as you purchase a copy for your library.

Quantitative modeling of biopathway dynamics is crucial to the system-level understanding of cellular functions and behavior. Currently, a common method of representing bio-pathways is through a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). However, calibrating and analyzing large ODE-based pathway models often requires a large number of numerical simulations. To address this issue, this book presents a probabilistic approximation approach. by which the analysis of ODE-based models can be considerably simplified. The applicability of these techniques has been by studying two existing pathways and a "live" pathway called the complement system in collaboration with biologists. Apart from improved performance, the crucial insights gained from the study of complement system could contribute to the development of immunomodulation therapies. This book should be useful to researches in Computational Systems Biology field, or anyone else who may be considering utilizing ODEs for their modeling efforts.

Quality of community life and adaptive behaviour are two different measures, which plays an important role in individual life and hence become an acceptable person in the society. The presence of such deficits can exert a profound impact on an individual's quality of life and as well as community living. This study identifies the relationship between adaptive behaviour of the children with mental retardation and quality of life of their parents. Participant includes 30 children with mild and moderate mental retardation, IQ range 35-69, 15 boys and 15 girls. Respondent were surveyed using Vineland Social Maturity Scale and Measures of Quality of Community Life. Results of the study suggests that no significant relationship among the measures; level of mental retardation has effect on the adaptive behaviour. Qualitative analysis reveals that, child gender, level of retardation and locality of their parents has influence on the quality community life of parents having children with mental retardation in all aspects.

Ethiopian flower industry at its infancy stage and generate a considerable amount of foreign currency and provides job opportunity for many citizens. However it is still accused of unsustainable flower production. This paper explores the corporate social responsibility and its governance on Ethiopian flower industry. It highlights particularly on corporate social responsibility practices and its implementation through the assistance of governance bodies. It attempts to reveal the growth of the industry, corporate social responsibility and governmental regulations with its CSR drivers. It also assesses convergence of the economical, ecological and human practices of flower farms with its related CSR drivers in promoting their governance on corporate social responsibility. It further see the industries CSR practices and assess it viability with the triple bottom line sustainability measure. It finally opens and provides opportunity for students, researchers and stakeholders to analyze, discuss on the current issue CSR issue of the industry.

Money is life blood of economy of any country and banking is the nervous system which pumps this life blood through out the economy. No person either a common man or big corporate and even the government can think of development without banking. From last two decades a revolution in Indian Baking Sector can be felt which was ignited with implementation of New Industrial Policy, 1991 followed by the recommendations of M. Narsimham Committee I in 1993. In order to cope up with the requirements of new industrial policy, the government decided to privatize banks in 1994. In this regime of privatization, ICICI Bank was incorporated as a company limited by shares and within 7 years of its establishment it became the largest private sector bank of India and a pioneer in innovations in banking services. The customers are the main focus of any business and their satisfaction is a factor which decides the sustainability of any business concern in the market. The present research work is an attempt to analyze the extent of customer satisfaction and their behaviour along with financial performance appraisal of ICICI Bank with respect to various innovative services provided by it.

As comfortable, hugging and archetype of attitude jeans is, have we wondered what is that attribute which makes a pair of jeans the way it is? The secret behind this is the very fabric it is made of i.e. Denim. It snugly adheres to the body and endures the rigor of time seamlessly. The never dying appeal for apparel derived from denim, most notably jeans, has made sure the demand for denim products remain high. This is a comprehensive study on causes of capacity constraints faced in denim industry, which includes a case study research on two of the leading denim manufacturers in Pakistan along with an overview of the denim industry and the current scenario of Pakistani denim sector.

This book provides a comprehensive and timely basic overview of required knowledge for the use of Programmable Logic Controller(PLC), Microprocessor(8085) & Micro controller. The handbook covers the scientific principles and technologies that are necessary to implement. A comprehensive and definitive coverage of this emerging field is provided for both academic and practicing technicians of industry. This ¿Study Guide is designed to provide the programming methodology used in industry with a review of and an introduction of basic programs of PLC, Microprocessor & Microcontroller. After successful completion, the troubleshooter can improve their understanding of PLC, Microprocessor & Micro Controller and related technology.

In the later half-of the 19th century south India witnessed a series of severe famines. Of them one during 1876-78 was the most severe and devastating. The whole of Madras Presidency, the Bombay Presidency and the princely state of Mysore were affected. 50 lakhs of people were perished on account of this famine. The relief offered by the British government was terribly in sufficient. The rain shadow region of the then ceded districts, the present rayalaseema districts namely Bellary(inclusive of Anantapur Didtrict), Cuddapah and Kurnool Districts suffered the wrost. Nearly 7 lakhs of people were died in this region. In this book thoroughly discussed aspects like scanty rainfall, loss of crops, decreasing cultivation, shortage of food grains, increasing prices etc.It is an attempt micro level research of the famine of 1876-78 in the rayalaseema region.

Hantaviruses are zoonotic, rodents being the reservoir of the viruses and source for human infections. Several strains of hantaviruses exist in different geographical locations around the world causing several clinical conditions. Exposure to rodent excreta is the mode of transmission. They can cause serious diseases in humans. The current publication is the first and probably the only study tackling evidence of Hantavirus infection in humans and in rodents trapped in the coastal city of Alexandria, Egypt. Since rodents are sources of other infections to humans such as rickettsia and leptospira, human sera and sera from trapped rodents were also tested for antibodies to these 2 bacteria as well. This work has been a Ph.D dissertation carried out in Alexandria University as a joint project with NAMRU-III

Dizziness, vertigo,light-headedness or imbalance are common symptom experienced by many people. Vestibular system is responsible for sensing motion of the head and maintains stability of images on the fovea of the retina and postural control during that motion. Disorder of vestibular function result in abnormalities the vestibular system. A patient with unilateral vestibular lesion faces difficulties in their day to day activities due to their various vestibular symptoms. This book throws the light on various rehabilitation approaches available for patients with unilateral vestibular lesion. Vestibular rehabilitation is an effective approach for these patients and it helps them in restoring their activities of daily living.

Emotional intelligence is an art of generating,perceiving and assessing emotions to assist thought;understanding emotions and emotional knowledge; and effectively regulating emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth.Developing emotional intelligence is not just relevant and critical to those in leadership and management roles.Emotional intelligence is needed in wide spectrum of a profession that demand personal and interpersonal effectiveness,besides ability to work in a dynamic changing and complex environment.Ths book is an endeavor to present the readers with a better understanding of the concept and the scope of its application.The author has put in every possible effort to make the study meaningful as could be so that it proves useful for the organisations under study in particular and the service sector in general.The book attempts to examine the various aspects of Emotional Intelligence in view of its relationship with behavioural response as understood in terms of motivation,communication and other such related dimensions.

Heavy metals or trace elements play an important role in the metabolic pathways during the growth and development of plants. When these heavy metal present in higher amount, or even in small amount have negative health consequence, affecting the nutritional status, metabolic rate, the integrity of detoxification pathway. In present amount heavy metal absorbed by the vegetables were taken under study. 21 samples of vegetables were collected from local vegetable market and were analyzed for the amount of toxic heavy metals [Cu (¿¿), Co (¿¿), Fe (¿¿), Ni (¿¿), and Cd (¿¿)], which are harmful for health. Analysis of toxic heavy metals by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed that Cd (¿¿) was most abundant element among all samples. The data obtained following concentration ranges in mg/kg, high concentration of Cd was found 1.9 and 2.1 in the samples Beta vulgaris, and Praecitrullus fistulosus respectively. The higher concentration of Cobalt was found in both Sipacea oleracea and Rhaphnus sativa was 0.62mg/kg This may be Overall, decreasing metal concentration order in various samples: Cd Co Fe Ni Cu.

Media occupies the most vital position in a democratic setup and forms the very bedrock of democracy without which democracy is an aimless, futile exercise and never fulfill the aspirations of the people in real terms. The role of media in a democracy is as crucial as that of the politicians and should never be underestimated. The present media revolution has helped people in making an informed decisions and this has led to beginning of a new era in a democracy.As the Fourth Estate, they provide checks and balances on the activities of the three arms of government; as agenda-setters, they influence the issues on public agenda; as gatekeepers, they decide what information gets to the public; as watchdog, they represent the interests of the people against powerful interests; and as for multipliers, they add to the combat effectiveness of military commanders.

This book provides fundamental input to the translators and translation instructors and students. The book explores the problems which translators face. It, specifically, focuses on the identification of the problems which translators face in their process of translating and the identification of the cause(s) of these problems. It even further provides possible solutions to address the problems in question. The book indicates that translations are not done efficiently. The translators face problems of overtranslation, undertranslation, mistranslation, zero translation and self translation. Second, the book reveals that, the translators are the source of the problems under discussion, not the languages, cultures and literary features. It is, therefore, recommended that the translators should be professional and translate information honestly. Also, they should be careful while translating texts and should consult various relevant sources of information so as to come up with efficient translations.

Rising income inequality is worrisome in developing countries because it manifests as hunger, poverty and conflict. It is harmful for the economic growth process because it creates a vicious cycle of underdevelopment. Poverty is deeply rooted in Northern Nigeria and linked to inequitable access to infrastructure, employment opportunities, wealth, human capital, and institutional support. These problems limit households earning potential and consequently make them vulnerable. Towards solving the problem income formation and redistribution strategies are suggested.

We have demonstrated synthesis of nanostructure CuInS2 (CIS) with a microwave method in the present of novel precursor for absorption layer of solar cells. Dark brown CuInS2 nanoparticles were obtained by microwave mixture of Cu (gly)2 as a novel precursor and InCl3 and S like Thiourea, L-cystin, TAA (thioacetamide), Thiosemicarbazid, TGA (Thioglycolic acid), Na2S2O3 (Sodium Thiosulfate) and (NH4)2S (Ammonium sulfate)in 1:1:2 stochiometric ratio in propylene glycol. The absorption and photoluminescence studies of the CuInS2 nanoparticles displayed quantum confinement behavior. To examine the application of CuInS2 nanostructures as an absorption layer, thin film of CdS was chemical bath on the CuInS2 film in order to fabricate a solar cell..

Human animal conflict arguably remains one of the most complexes of all wildlife conservation and management problems. Many people believe that wildlife conservation is important, but the vast majorities have never done anything about it. In Uttarakhand, where most of the populations are dependent on forest. Man animal conflict is increasing day by day because of pressure on forest. So the present study was carried out in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary. The aim of the study was examining the opinion of people about Wildlife Conservation and identify the causes of conflict as well as plan for future measures of minimizing the conflict.In order to stop the conflicts between man and animal, people suggested for the proper fencing around the agricultural land so that it would be the best measure to check the conflicts. Also villagers suggested for Van Panchayat and alternate employment opportunities as a measure to minimize the conflict between man and animals. Besides, it also includes provision of alternative resources, proper demarcation and fencing of the sanctuary boundary.

HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in Sub-Sahara Africa. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been found to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The virus has been reported to enhance HIV replication and accelerate the progression of HIV to AIDS. In Nigeria there is a dearth of information on the prevalence of Cytomegalovirus infection among HIV/AIDS patients. This study was designed to determine the prevalence rate as well as risk factors for CMV infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was carried out among consecutively recruited HIV sero-positive patients attending the HAART clinic at U.I.T.H, Ilorin between October 2008 to September 2009. A volume of 5 ml blood sample was collected from each consenting participant as well as age and sex matched HIV sero-positive control group . The sera was assayed for CMV IgG/IgM using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was also used to assess the risk factors for CMV infection among HIV sero-positive participants

This book has been able to effectively audit the total Energy involved in the baking of Bread with wood as the main source of Energy in some cities in Nigeria with a view to establishing the fact that Wood as Fuel in the baking process consumes a large amount of Energy and it's use comes with some harmful effects such as deforestation, landslides, erosion, extinction of useful plants and animals, green house effect etc.The Energy analysis involves the computation of total Energy consumed in each Energy consuming Operation of Bread baking. Bread baking consists of four Energy consuming Operations namely Mixing, Kneading, Moulding and Baking. Each of these Operations requires Thermal Energy, Manual Energy and Energy consumed in kneading Operation as a result of Diesel Fuel used (ECKD) or their combination. The Energy computation Equations were employed to determine the Energy consumed in each of these unit operations.Finally the Work recommends other forms of energy which are less Energy sapping and involves little or no side effect to the environment.